Glaucoma at Fudan University Eye & ENT Hospital Shanghai | CMCS

China's Premier Center for Glaucoma Diagnosis & Treatment

The Department of Glaucoma at Fudan University Eye & ENT Hospital (EENT Hospital) is one of China's most distinguished and research-active glaucoma centers, with a national and international reputation for excellence in the diagnosis and management of all forms of glaucoma — including primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle-closure glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, secondary glaucomas, and complex refractory glaucoma. As China's only dedicated eye and ENT specialty hospital at the tertiary level, EENT Hospital's glaucoma department combines outstanding clinical expertise with a world-class research program, offering international patients access to some of China's most eminent glaucoma specialists and the latest medical, laser, and surgical treatments.

For international patients with glaucoma — whether newly diagnosed, inadequately controlled on medications, requiring surgery, or seeking a second opinion on a complex glaucoma diagnosis — EENT Hospital's glaucoma department offers an unparalleled combination of diagnostic sophistication, surgical expertise, and research leadership. China Medical Concierge Shanghai (CMCS) provides seamless end-to-end coordination for international patients throughout their glaucoma care journey at EENT Hospital.

About the Department

EENT Hospital's glaucoma department is a national key clinical specialty operating a comprehensive glaucoma clinic, a glaucoma imaging and visual field laboratory, an anterior segment OCT and gonioscopy service, a laser treatment suite, a glaucoma surgical program, a pediatric glaucoma service, and a uveitic glaucoma clinic. The department works in close collaboration with cornea, retina, neuro-ophthalmology, and oculoplastics through a fully integrated multidisciplinary team.

Faculty members publish regularly in leading ophthalmology and glaucoma journals including Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, British Journal of Ophthalmology, and Journal of Glaucoma.

Glaucoma Diagnosis & Monitoring

Comprehensive Glaucoma Assessment

• Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Measurement — Goldmann applanation tonometry; non-contact tonometry; Pascal dynamic contour tonometry; diurnal IOP curve (multiple measurements throughout the day); corneal-compensated IOP (ORA)
• Gonioscopy — Goldmann and Zeiss gonioscopy for angle assessment; indentation gonioscopy for appositional vs. synechial closure; anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) for angle imaging and anterior chamber depth measurement
• Optic Nerve Assessment — Stereoscopic optic disc photography; Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT); OCT optic nerve head and RNFL analysis; Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW)
• Visual Field Testing — Humphrey visual field analyzer (SITA Standard, SITA Fast, SITA Faster); Octopus perimetry; frequency doubling technology (FDT); microperimetry for central field assessment
• Structural-Functional Correlation — Integration of OCT structural data with visual field functional data for progression detection; trend-based and event-based progression analysis
• Corneal Biomechanics — Corneal hysteresis (ORA) for IOP correction and glaucoma risk assessment; Corvis ST for corneal stiffness parameters

Types of Glaucoma Treated

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)

• Early POAG — Target IOP setting based on baseline IOP, disc damage, and visual field loss; prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost) as first-line; fixed combinations; SLT as first-line alternative
• Moderate-Advanced POAG — Maximally tolerated medical therapy; SLT; trabeculectomy with mitomycin C; tube shunt surgery (Ahmed, Baerveldt); MIGS for mild-moderate disease
• Refractory POAG — Cyclophotocoagulation (transscleral, endoscopic); Baerveldt 350 tube shunt; combination surgical approaches

Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG)

• NTG Diagnosis — Exclusion of secondary causes; 24-hour IOP monitoring; nocturnal IOP assessment; systemic vascular risk factor evaluation; neuroimaging for intracranial pathology
• NTG Management — IOP reduction (even within normal range) with prostaglandins; brimonidine for neuroprotection; SLT; trabeculectomy for progressive NTG despite medical therapy; systemic vascular risk factor management

Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG)

EENT Hospital has particular expertise in angle-closure glaucoma, which is significantly more prevalent in Asian populations:

• Primary Angle-Closure Suspect (PACS) — Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for narrow angles at risk; AS-OCT monitoring; lens extraction for phacomorphic component
• Primary Angle Closure (PAC) — LPI; goniosynechialysis for peripheral anterior synechiae; lens extraction (clear lens extraction) for significant lens-induced component
• Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG) — LPI; lens extraction; trabeculectomy with MMC for established glaucomatous damage; combined phaco-trabeculectomy
• Acute Angle-Closure Crisis — Emergency IOP reduction (IV acetazolamide, topical IOP-lowering agents, mannitol); LPI after IOP control; fellow eye prophylactic LPI
• Plateau Iris Syndrome — LPI; argon laser peripheral iridoplasty (ALPI); pilocarpine

Secondary Glaucomas

• Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma (PXG) — Often requires earlier surgical intervention; SLT; trabeculectomy; tube shunt
• Pigmentary Glaucoma — SLT; prostaglandins; trabeculectomy for advanced disease
• Uveitic Glaucoma — IOP control with aqueous suppressants (avoid prostaglandins in active uveitis); steroid-sparing immunosuppression; Ahmed tube shunt (preferred over trabeculectomy); cyclophotocoagulation
• Neovascular Glaucoma (NVG) — Anti-VEGF injection (bevacizumab, ranibizumab) for iris neovascularization; panretinal photocoagulation; Ahmed tube shunt; cyclophotocoagulation for refractory NVG
• Steroid-Induced Glaucoma — Steroid cessation or substitution; IOP-lowering medications; SLT; trabeculectomy for persistent elevation
• Traumatic Glaucoma — Angle recession glaucoma; hyphema management; IOP control; trabeculectomy or tube shunt for refractory cases
• Lens-Induced Glaucoma — Phacomorphic glaucoma; phacolytic glaucoma; lens extraction
• Iridocorneal Endothelial (ICE) Syndrome — Ahmed tube shunt; medical management

Pediatric Glaucoma

• Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) — Goniotomy; trabeculotomy (360° suture trabeculotomy); combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy; Ahmed tube shunt for refractory cases; examination under anesthesia (EUA)
• Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma (JOAG) — Medical therapy; SLT; trabeculectomy; genetic testing (MYOC, CYP1B1)
• Glaucoma Associated with Systemic Syndromes — Sturge-Weber syndrome; Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; aniridia; Peters anomaly

Glaucoma Laser Treatments

• Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) — First-line treatment for POAG and OHT (LiGHT trial evidence); repeatable; 360° SLT for maximum IOP reduction; one of China's highest-volume SLT programs
• Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) — Nd:YAG laser LPI for angle closure and narrow angles; prophylactic LPI for fellow eyes
• Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty (ALPI) — For plateau iris syndrome and residual angle closure after LPI
• Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) — Micropulse TSCPC (MicroPulse P3) for refractory glaucoma; continuous wave TSCPC for end-stage glaucoma
• Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) — Combined with cataract surgery; direct visualization of ciliary processes

Glaucoma Surgery

Trabeculectomy

• Standard Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C (MMC) — Gold standard filtration surgery; fornix-based and limbus-based conjunctival flaps; adjustable suture techniques; antimetabolite titration based on risk factors
• Needling of Failed Blebs — 5-FU or MMC-augmented needling for encapsulated or failing blebs
• Bleb Management — Suture lysis; digital massage; bleb revision

Tube Shunt Surgery

• Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) — For uveitic glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and failed trabeculectomy; FP7 and B3 models
• Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant (BGI) — 350mm² for maximum IOP reduction in refractory glaucoma; ligature suture technique
• Molteno Implant — For selected refractory cases

Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS)

• iStent inject W — Trabecular micro-bypass stent; combined with cataract surgery for mild-moderate POAG
• Hydrus Microstent — Schlemm's canal scaffold; combined with cataract surgery
• Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) Goniotomy — Ab interno trabeculectomy; combined with cataract surgery
• OMNI Surgical System — Combined viscocanaloplasty and trabeculotomy; ab interno approach
• XEN Gel Stent — Subconjunctival filtration; ab interno approach; for moderate-severe POAG
• PreserFlo MicroShunt — SIBS polymer shunt to subconjunctival space; alternative to trabeculectomy

Why International Patients Choose EENT Hospital Glaucoma

• National Leadership — One of China's top-ranked glaucoma departments with landmark research contributions
• Angle-Closure Expertise — Particular expertise in PACG, which is more prevalent in Asian populations; clear lens extraction and goniosynechialysis
• Full MIGS Portfolio — iStent, Hydrus, KDB, OMNI, XEN, and PreserFlo for minimally invasive surgical options
• Advanced Diagnostics — Comprehensive structural-functional correlation; 24-hour IOP monitoring; corneal biomechanics
• Pediatric Glaucoma — Expert 360° trabeculotomy and goniotomy for congenital glaucoma
• Cost-Effectiveness — World-class glaucoma care at significantly lower cost than equivalent treatment in Western countries

The CMCS Patient Journey

1. Initial Inquiry — Share your glaucoma diagnosis, IOP measurements, OCT RNFL reports, visual field results, current medications, and prior treatment history with CMCS.
2. Medical Record Preparation — We translate and organize your records for specialist pre-consultation review.
3. Specialist Matching — We identify the most appropriate glaucoma specialist based on your diagnosis — POAG, NTG, PACG, secondary glaucoma, or pediatric glaucoma.
4. Priority Scheduling — We secure a consultation with minimal waiting time.
5. Travel & Logistics — Assistance with visa invitation letters, accommodation near EENT Hospital, and Shanghai airport transfers.
6. Diagnostic Assessment — Full coordination of IOP measurement, gonioscopy, OCT, visual field testing, and other required investigations.
7. Treatment Coordination — Full coordination of laser treatment or surgical admission.
8. Post-Treatment Follow-Up — Treatment report translation, medication guidance, and remote follow-up coordination after you return home.

Book a Consultation

If you have glaucoma — whether open-angle, angle-closure, normal-tension, secondary, or pediatric — CMCS can arrange a specialist consultation with EENT Hospital's glaucoma team in Shanghai.

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