Infectious Disease at Huashan Hospital Shanghai | CMCS

China's Number One Infectious Disease Department

The Department of Infectious Disease at Huashan Hospital — affiliated with Fudan University — is consistently ranked as the number one infectious disease department in China, and is recognized internationally as one of Asia's most distinguished centers for the diagnosis and management of complex infections, fever of unknown origin, tropical and parasitic diseases, HIV/AIDS, and emerging infectious diseases. With unparalleled diagnostic capabilities, a world-class clinical microbiology and metagenomics laboratory, and decades of experience managing the most challenging infectious disease cases in China, the department is the definitive national referral center for patients with difficult-to-diagnose or treatment-refractory infections.

For international patients with unexplained fever, a complex or rare infection, suspected tropical disease, HIV, or a difficult infectious disease diagnosis that has eluded physicians elsewhere — Huashan Hospital's infectious disease department represents the gold standard of infectious disease care in China. China Medical Concierge Shanghai (CMCS) provides seamless end-to-end coordination for international patients throughout their care journey.

About the Department

Huashan Hospital's infectious disease department is a national key clinical specialty and the top-ranked infectious disease department in China's national hospital ranking system. The department operates dedicated inpatient infectious disease wards, an isolation unit for highly infectious diseases, a fever of unknown origin (FUO) diagnostic unit, an HIV/AIDS comprehensive care center, a tropical and parasitic disease clinic, a travel medicine service, and a clinical microbiology and metagenomics laboratory that is one of the most advanced in China.

The department's metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) laboratory is a particular strength — enabling pathogen-agnostic diagnosis of infections that cannot be identified by conventional microbiological methods, including rare bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. This technology has transformed the diagnosis of culture-negative infections, encephalitis, and other difficult infectious presentations, and Huashan's laboratory is one of the most experienced in China in clinical mNGS application.

Faculty members publish regularly in leading infectious disease and microbiology journals including Lancet Infectious Diseases, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal of Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Nature Medicine.

Conditions Treated

Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) & Diagnostic Challenges

• Classic Fever of Unknown Origin — Systematic, protocol-driven diagnostic workup for fever >38.3°C persisting >3 weeks without diagnosis after initial evaluation; infectious, autoimmune, malignant, and miscellaneous causes
• Culture-Negative Infections — mNGS-guided diagnosis of infections not identified by conventional cultures
• Recurrent Fever Syndromes — Periodic fever syndromes, autoinflammatory diseases, and cyclic neutropenia
• Fever in the Immunocompromised Host — Fever in transplant recipients, hematology patients, and patients on biologic therapy
• Fever of Unknown Origin in Returning Travelers — Systematic evaluation for tropical and travel-related infections

Bacterial Infections

• Sepsis & Bacteremia — Source identification, antibiotic stewardship, and intensive management
• Infective Endocarditis — Multidisciplinary management with cardiology and cardiac surgery; culture-negative endocarditis diagnosis with mNGS
• Bone & Joint Infections — Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and prosthetic joint infection; prolonged antibiotic therapy and surgical coordination
• CNS Infections — Bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, and spinal epidural abscess; neurosurgical coordination
• Intra-Abdominal Infections — Liver abscess, peritonitis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections
• Multidrug-Resistant Organism (MDRO) Infections — MRSA, CRE, CRAB, CRPA; novel antibiotic therapy (ceftazidime-avibactam, cefiderocol, aztreonam-avibactam, imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam)
• Tuberculosis — Drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB; MDR-TB and XDR-TB with novel regimens (BPaL, BPaLC); extrapulmonary TB
• Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) — MAC, M. abscessus, and other NTM infections; guideline-based prolonged antibiotic regimens
• Brucellosis — Acute and chronic brucellosis; combination antibiotic therapy
• Leptospirosis — Diagnosis and antibiotic management
• Rickettsia & Tick-Borne Diseases — Scrub typhus, spotted fever, and other rickettsial infections

Fungal Infections

• Invasive Aspergillosis — Voriconazole, isavuconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B; TDM-guided dosing
• Cryptococcal Meningitis — Induction, consolidation, and maintenance therapy; ICP management
• Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) — TMP-SMX and alternative regimens; prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients
• Candidiasis — Invasive candidiasis and candidemia; echinocandin and azole therapy
• Mucormycosis — Liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole; surgical debridement coordination
• Histoplasmosis & Talaromycosis — Diagnosis and antifungal management in returning travelers and immunocompromised patients
• Rare Fungal Infections — Fusariosis, scedosporiosis, and other rare mold infections; mNGS-guided diagnosis

Viral Infections

• Viral Encephalitis — HSV, EBV, CMV, VZV, and enteroviral encephalitis; mNGS for undiagnosed encephalitis; acyclovir and ganciclovir therapy
• Chronic Hepatitis B & C — Antiviral therapy and liver disease management in collaboration with hepatology
• CMV & EBV Disease — CMV retinitis, colitis, and pneumonitis; EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease in immunocompromised patients
• Influenza & Respiratory Viruses — Severe influenza; oseltamivir and baloxavir; respiratory virus panel diagnosis
• Emerging Viral Infections — Novel and re-emerging viral pathogens; isolation and management protocols

Parasitic & Tropical Diseases

• Malaria — Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae, and knowlesi; artemisinin-based combination therapy; severe malaria management with IV artesunate
• Schistosomiasis — Diagnosis and praziquantel therapy; hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis
• Echinococcosis (Hydatid Disease) — Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis; albendazole therapy and surgical coordination
• Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) — Liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine therapy
• Toxoplasmosis — CNS toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS; pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine therapy
• Strongyloidiasis & Hyperinfection Syndrome — Ivermectin therapy; prevention in immunosuppressed patients
• Filariasis & Other Helminthiases — Diagnosis and antiparasitic therapy
• Amebiasis & Intestinal Parasites — Metronidazole and antiparasitic therapy
• Gnathostomiasis & Rare Parasitic Infections — mNGS-guided diagnosis of rare parasitic infections in returning travelers

HIV/AIDS

• HIV Diagnosis & Staging — CD4 count, viral load, resistance testing, and opportunistic infection screening
• Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) — Initiation and optimization of ART; integrase inhibitor-based regimens (bictegravir, dolutegravir, cabotegravir); long-acting injectable ART
• Opportunistic Infection Management — PCP, cryptococcal meningitis, CMV retinitis, toxoplasmosis, MAC, and other OIs
• HIV/TB Co-infection — Integrated management of HIV and tuberculosis
• HIV/HBV & HIV/HCV Co-infection — Integrated antiviral management
• Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) — TDF/FTC and cabotegravir long-acting injectable PrEP

Metagenomics Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS)

Huashan Hospital's mNGS laboratory is one of the most advanced and experienced clinical mNGS programs in China — a technology that has transformed the diagnosis of difficult infectious diseases by enabling pathogen-agnostic detection of virtually any microorganism (bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites) directly from clinical specimens including blood, CSF, BAL, and tissue.

mNGS is particularly valuable for:

• Culture-Negative Infections — Identifying pathogens that cannot be grown in conventional cultures
• Encephalitis of Unknown Cause — Detecting rare viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic causes of encephalitis
• Fever of Unknown Origin — Pathogen-agnostic screening in patients with prolonged unexplained fever
• Immunocompromised Host Infections — Detecting multiple simultaneous pathogens in transplant and hematology patients
• Rare Tropical Infections — Identifying unusual parasites and pathogens in returning travelers

Huashan's clinical mNGS program has published landmark studies on the diagnostic yield of mNGS in Chinese patients, and the laboratory's protocols and bioinformatics pipelines are among the most validated in China.

Travel Medicine & Pre-Travel Consultation

Huashan's travel medicine service provides comprehensive pre-travel and post-travel care for international travelers:

• Pre-Travel Consultation — Destination-specific risk assessment; vaccination (yellow fever, typhoid, hepatitis A/B, meningococcal, Japanese encephalitis, rabies); malaria prophylaxis; traveler's diarrhea prevention
• Post-Travel Fever Evaluation — Systematic workup for fever in returning travelers including malaria, dengue, typhoid, rickettsial infections, and other tropical diseases
• Expatriate Health — Ongoing infectious disease management for expatriates living in China

Why International Patients Choose Huashan Infectious Disease

• China's #1 Infectious Disease Department — The definitive national referral center for complex, rare, and treatment-refractory infections
• mNGS Diagnostic Leadership — One of China's most advanced and experienced clinical mNGS programs for pathogen-agnostic diagnosis
• FUO Expertise — Systematic, protocol-driven workup for fever of unknown origin with the full range of diagnostic tools
• Tropical & Parasitic Disease Expertise — Unmatched experience with malaria, schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, and rare parasitic infections
• MDRO Infection Management — Access to novel antibiotics for carbapenem-resistant and other multidrug-resistant organisms
• Cost-Effectiveness — World-class infectious disease care at significantly lower cost than equivalent treatment in Western countries

The CMCS Patient Journey

1. Initial Inquiry — Share your infection history, fever duration, travel history, microbiological results, imaging, and current medications with CMCS.
2. Medical Record Preparation — We translate and organize your records for specialist pre-consultation review.
3. Specialist Matching — We identify the most appropriate infectious disease specialist based on your presentation — FUO, tropical disease, HIV, MDRO infection, or fungal disease.
4. Priority Scheduling — We secure a consultation with minimal waiting time, including urgent slots for acutely unwell patients.
5. Travel & Logistics — Assistance with visa invitation letters, accommodation near Huashan Hospital, and Shanghai airport transfers.
6. On-Site Concierge — Bilingual coordinators accompany you throughout your hospital visits, managing registration, translation, and communication.
7. Diagnostic Support — Full coordination of mNGS testing, microbiological cultures, serological panels, imaging, and other required investigations.
8. Post-Treatment Follow-Up — Test result translation, treatment response monitoring, and remote follow-up coordination after you return home.

Book a Consultation

If you are seeking expert infectious disease care in Shanghai — whether for a fever of unknown origin, a complex or rare infection, tropical disease, HIV, drug-resistant tuberculosis, or a difficult diagnosis that has eluded physicians elsewhere — CMCS can arrange a specialist consultation with Huashan Hospital's world-renowned infectious disease team.

📧 contract@medicalsh.com
💬 WhatsApp: https://wa.me/message/3AM6KAGCW2BAD1
🌐 www.medicalsh.com