China's Premier Center for Corneal Transplantation & Vision Correction
The Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery at Fudan University Eye & ENT Hospital (EENT Hospital) — also known as the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University — is one of China's most distinguished and highest-volume corneal transplantation and refractive surgery centers, with a national and international reputation for excellence in corneal transplantation, keratoconus management, laser vision correction, implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery, and the management of complex corneal diseases. As China's only dedicated eye and ENT specialty hospital at the tertiary level, EENT Hospital combines outstanding surgical expertise with a world-class research program, offering international patients access to some of China's most eminent corneal specialists and refractive surgeons.
For international patients with corneal disease requiring transplantation, keratoconus, or those seeking laser vision correction or ICL surgery in Shanghai — EENT Hospital's cornea and refractive surgery department offers an unparalleled combination of surgical expertise, tissue banking capability, and research leadership. China Medical Concierge Shanghai (CMCS) provides seamless end-to-end coordination for international patients throughout their care journey at EENT Hospital.
About the Department
EENT Hospital's cornea and refractive surgery department is a national key clinical specialty operating a comprehensive corneal disease clinic, a corneal transplantation program with one of China's most active eye banks, a keratoconus clinic, a refractive surgery center with the latest laser platforms and ICL implantation capability, and works in close collaboration with glaucoma, retina, and oculoplastics through a fully integrated multidisciplinary team.
Faculty members publish regularly in leading ophthalmology journals including Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, Cornea, British Journal of Ophthalmology, and American Journal of Ophthalmology.
Corneal Transplantation
Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK)
- Full-Thickness Corneal Transplantation — For conditions requiring replacement of all corneal layers; advanced keratoconus with scarring; corneal scarring from infection or trauma; failed previous grafts; corneal dystrophies with full-thickness involvement
- Femtosecond Laser-Assisted PK — Precise trephination with femtosecond laser; zigzag and top-hat cuts for improved wound healing and tectonic strength; reduced suture-induced astigmatism
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)
- Big Bubble DALK — Pneumatic dissection to expose Descemet's membrane; replacement of anterior stroma while preserving recipient endothelium; preferred for keratoconus and anterior stromal disease with healthy endothelium; eliminates risk of endothelial rejection
- Manual DALK — Layer-by-layer dissection for cases where big bubble technique is not achievable
- Indications — Keratoconus; macular corneal dystrophy; granular dystrophy; lattice dystrophy; anterior stromal scarring; interstitial keratitis
Endothelial Keratoplasty
- Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) — Transplantation of Descemet's membrane + endothelium only; fastest visual recovery; lowest rejection rate; gold standard for endothelial disease; technically demanding — one of China's most experienced DMEK programs
- Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) — Transplantation of posterior stroma + Descemet's membrane + endothelium; more robust than DMEK; suitable for complex cases (prior vitrectomy, aphakia, iris defects)
- Indications — Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy; bullous keratopathy (pseudophakic and aphakic); iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome; failed PK with endothelial failure
Keratoprosthesis (Artificial Cornea)
- Boston KPro Type I — For patients with multiple failed grafts and good tear function; chemical burns with adequate conjunctiva
- Boston KPro Type II — For end-stage ocular surface disease with severe dry eye (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, severe chemical burns)
- Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis (OOKP) — For the most severe end-stage ocular surface disease; tooth-supported artificial cornea
Keratoconus Management
- Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) — Standard (Dresden) protocol; accelerated CXL; transepithelial (epithelium-on) CXL; CXL for progressive keratoconus to halt progression; one of China's highest-volume CXL programs
- Topography-Guided CXL — Combined topography-guided PRK + CXL (Athens Protocol) for keratoconus with mild-moderate irregularity
- Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (ICRS) — Ferrara and Keraring segments; femtosecond laser-assisted implantation; for keratoconus patients not suitable for CXL alone; improves contact lens tolerance
- Scleral Contact Lenses — Large-diameter scleral lenses for irregular corneas; fitting and follow-up
- DALK for Advanced Keratoconus — For keratoconus with scarring or contact lens intolerance despite CXL and ICRS
Refractive Surgery
Laser Vision Correction
- LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) — Femtosecond laser flap creation (iFS, VisuMax); excimer laser stromal ablation; for myopia up to -10D, hyperopia up to +4D, and astigmatism; rapid recovery
- SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) — Flapless femtosecond laser refractive surgery; VisuMax platform; for myopia up to -10D and astigmatism; no flap complications; faster dry eye recovery than LASIK; one of China's highest-volume SMILE programs
- LASEK / PRK / TransPRK — Surface ablation for thin corneas, dry eye, or contact sports; mitomycin C for haze prevention; slower recovery than LASIK/SMILE
- Topography-Guided LASIK/PRK — For irregular astigmatism, post-LASIK regression, and mild keratoconus suspects; Contoura Vision
- PRESBYOND Laser Blended Vision — Monovision LASIK for presbyopia; extended depth of focus
Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL)
- EVO ICL (V5) — Phakic posterior chamber IOL for myopia -3D to -18D and astigmatism; no corneal tissue removal; reversible; excellent visual quality; central port eliminates need for peripheral iridotomy; one of China's highest-volume ICL programs
- Toric ICL — For myopia with significant astigmatism; combined myopia and astigmatism correction
- ICL for Thin Corneas — For patients not suitable for laser vision correction due to thin corneas or high myopia
Presbyopia Correction
- Multifocal & Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) IOL — Refractive lens exchange for presbyopia; PanOptix trifocal; Symfony EDOF; Vivity EDOF
- Corneal Inlays — KAMRA inlay for monovision presbyopia correction
Ocular Surface Disease
- Dry Eye Disease — Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treatment; intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy; LipiFlow thermal pulsation; cyclosporine (Restasis, Cequa) and lifitegrast (Xiidra) eye drops; autologous serum eye drops; scleral lenses; punctal occlusion
- Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD) — Cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET); simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET); conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU); living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL)
- Chemical & Thermal Burns — Emergency irrigation and management; amniotic membrane transplantation; CLET for LSCD; keratoprosthesis for end-stage disease
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Ocular) — Acute management; scleral lenses; mucous membrane grafting; Boston KPro Type II for end-stage disease
- Pterygium — Conjunctival autograft with fibrin glue; mitomycin C; low recurrence rates
Corneal Dystrophies & Degenerations
- Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy — DMEK (gold standard); DSAEK; Rho-kinase inhibitor (ripasudil) eye drops for early disease
- Macular, Granular & Lattice Dystrophies — DALK for anterior stromal dystrophies; PK for full-thickness involvement
- Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy (EBMD) — Superficial keratectomy; PTK (phototherapeutic keratectomy)
- Keratoconus — CXL; ICRS; DALK; scleral lenses
Eye Bank & Tissue Banking
EENT Hospital operates one of China's most active eye banks, providing high-quality donor corneal tissue for transplantation. The eye bank performs rigorous donor screening, specular microscopy for endothelial cell density assessment, and tissue processing for DMEK and DSAEK grafts. The availability of high-quality donor tissue is a key advantage for international patients requiring corneal transplantation at EENT Hospital.
Why International Patients Choose EENT Hospital Cornea & Refractive Surgery
- DMEK Expertise — One of China's most experienced DMEK programs for Fuchs dystrophy and bullous keratopathy
- High-Volume CXL — One of China's highest-volume corneal cross-linking programs for keratoconus
- SMILE Leadership — One of China's highest-volume SMILE programs for flapless laser vision correction
- ICL Expertise — One of China's highest-volume EVO ICL programs for high myopia
- Active Eye Bank — Reliable access to high-quality donor corneal tissue for transplantation
- Cost-Effectiveness — World-class corneal and refractive surgery at significantly lower cost than equivalent treatment in Western countries
The CMCS Patient Journey
- Initial Inquiry — Share your eye condition, corneal topography, specular microscopy, visual acuity, refraction, and prior treatment history with CMCS.
- Medical Record Preparation — We translate and organize your records for specialist pre-consultation review.
- Specialist Matching — We identify the most appropriate corneal specialist or refractive surgeon based on your condition.
- Priority Scheduling — We secure a consultation with minimal waiting time.
- Travel & Logistics — Assistance with visa invitation letters, accommodation near EENT Hospital, and Shanghai airport transfers.
- Pre-Operative Assessment — Full coordination of corneal topography, specular microscopy, OCT, and other pre-operative investigations.
- Surgical Coordination — Full coordination of surgical admission, tissue banking, and post-operative care.
- Post-Operative Follow-Up — Surgical report translation, medication guidance, and remote follow-up coordination after you return home.
Book a Consultation
If you have corneal disease requiring transplantation, keratoconus, or are seeking laser vision correction or ICL surgery in Shanghai — CMCS can arrange a specialist consultation with EENT Hospital's cornea and refractive surgery team.
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